C++

• Introduction to Computer Science
• Computer System Internals
• Operating Systems & Linux
• Data Representation
• Assembly Fundamentals
• C Programming Language
• Git & GitHub
• Workflows Compilation, Linking, Memory Models Virtual
• Memory & Cache
• Process Management (Linux)
• Networking Foundations

• C vs C++ and Programming Paradigms
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
• Copy & Move Semantics
• Operator Overloading
• Class Relationships
• Exception Handling
• Unit Testing and Makefile
• Memory Management & Smart Pointers
• Design Principles & Patterns (SOLID)
• Templates & Generic Programming
• Lambda Expressions
• Iterators & STL Extensions
• File Handling in C and C++
• Algorithms & Data Structures

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Topics common across Java, C#

• HTTP & Web Architecture
• Databases
• Server Design
• REST API Fundamentals
• CI/CD basics
• Deployment to cloud (Docker, possibly Kubernetes Intro)

Java Fundamentals for Backend

• JVM architecture (class loader, bytecode, JIT)
• Memory Model (heap, stack, metaspace)
• Garbage Collection deep dive
• Java concurrency (threads, executors, locks)
• Streams & Lambdas
• Generics
• Exceptions
• Package/module system
• Java Collections Framework

C# Fundamentals for Backend

• CLR architecture, JIT, assemblies
• Value types vs Reference types
• Delegates, Events, LINQ
• Tasks & async/await
• Memory model: stack/heap/GC
• Reflection & Attributes
• Interfaces, records, structs
• Dependency injection foundation

Advanced C++

• Compile-Time Programming
• Memory & Performance Engineering
• System Design in C++
• High-Performance STL and Custom Containers
• Multithreading, Concurrency & Synchronization
• Debugging Techniques
• Build & Deployment Tooling
• Modern Qt Development